Unveiling the silent threat: How to spot signs of gum disease

Drs. Nicolas & Asp30 Aug 2023

Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
Severe gum disease affects 1 billion people worldwide.
It is linked to other health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

September is Gum Health Month, a time to focus on one of the most overlooked dental issues – our gums.

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a progressive bacterial infection that affects the structures supporting our teeth, including the gums and bones. It develops when plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) builds up on the teeth and hardens into calculus (hardened tartar) over time. As calculus accumulates, it creates a conducive environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to inflammation and infection in the gums.

According to the World Health Organization, severe gum disease – a major cause of total tooth loss – is estimated to affect 1 billion people worldwide.

What are the signs and symptoms of gum disease?

Gum disease frequently remains asymptomatic, with symptoms often only appearing during its later stages. However, warning signs of gum disease may include:

Bleeding gums – One of the most noticeable symptoms is bleeding gums, especially while brushing or flossing. Healthy gums should not bleed during routine oral care.
Swollen, puffy, and red gums – Healthy gums have a pinkish hue and firm texture. In the presence of gum disease, gums become swollen, tender, and may appear red in color.
Bad breath (halitosis) – Persistent bad breath and unpleasant taste in the mouth that doesn't improve with regular oral hygiene could indicate gum disease.
Receding gums – Gums that pull away from the teeth, causing teeth to appear longer, are a sign of gum recession, often associated with advanced gum disease.
Pain and sensitivity – As gum disease progresses, teeth may become more sensitive to hot or cold temperatures. Pain or discomfort while chewing could also indicate an issue.
Loose or separating teeth – Untreated gum disease will lead to the loss of tissue and bone that support the teeth. When it does, your teeth will feel loose or lead to tooth loss.

How can we avoid gum problems?

Prevention is the cornerstone of gum health. Recommendations from the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Periodontology include:

Untreated gum disease allows plaque toxins to spread beneath the gum line, triggering a chronic inflammatory response. This process leads to the body attacking its own tissues and bones, causing breakdown and destruction of tooth-supporting structures.

Brush your teeth for two minutes twice a day and floss daily to remove plaque and food particles stuck between the teeth.
Schedule regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings.
Keep a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals contributes to gum health. Avoid sugary snacks and beverages that can promote bacterial growth.
Quit smoking. Smoking and tobacco use is scientifically known to increase the risk of gum disease.
Manage your overall health. Certain health conditions like diabetes can increase susceptibility to gum disease.

Let’s take the opportunity to educate ourselves and others about the importance of gum health. By knowing the signs, symptoms, and preventive measures of gum disease, you can take proactive steps towards maintaining a healthy smile and overall well-being.

Remember, our gums play a crucial role in our oral health, so it's worth the effort to keep them healthy and in great shape.