Gums Growing Over Teeth: Causes & Treatment

Drs. Nicolas & Asp9 Aug 2024

Gingival hyperplasia refers to excessive gum tissue growth that can vary in severity. In mild cases, small bumps may appear on the gums, while in more advanced stages, the gums can partially or completely cover the teeth. This is also referred to as gingival hypertrophy or gum enlargement. Our patients often describe this condition as “gums growing over teeth”.

While not contagious, gingival hyperplasia can impact oral hygiene and overall appearance. Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment.

Gingival hyperplasia can stem from several factors:

Certain medications, such as anti-seizure drugs, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants, can stimulate gum tissue growth.
Poor oral hygiene, including inadequate brushing and flossing, can lead to plaque buildup, triggering inflammation and gum overgrowth.
Pregnancy and hormonal changes, and underlying systemic issues like leukemia, neoplasm, and granulomatous diseases might contribute to gingival hyperplasia.
Gingival fibromatosis is a rare hereditary condition that presents as a slow-growing generalized or occasionally localized firm, pale pink enlargement of the gums.

Gingival hyperplasia from anti-seizure medication phenytoin. About 50% of those taking phenytoin will have swelling or overgrowth of their gum tissue. (Photo owned by WebMD)

Gum overgrowth due to poor oral hygiene. (Photo owned by the American Academy of Oral Medicine)

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a 37-year-old woman. (Photo from ResearchGate)

Treatment Options

Excessive gum tissue can interfere with daily oral hygiene practices, making it difficult to clean teeth effectively. This can lead to plaque buildup, tooth decay, and gum disease. Treatment for gingival hyperplasia aims to reduce excess gum tissue and restore oral function. Options include:

Improved oral hygiene: Consistent brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, routine dental checkups, and regular professional cleaning can help gum inflammation caused by poor oral hygiene. Your dentist or hygienist may recommend an antiseptic mouthrinse to complement your oral regime at home.
Medication review: Unlike gum overgrowth due to poor oral hygiene, the gum tissues in such drug-induced cases are generally firm, pale pink in color, and do not bleed easily. It typically resolves partially or completely when the medication is adjusted or discontinued, according to the American Academy of Oral Medicine. However, in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. If medication is suspected as a cause, speak to your doctor and explore alternative options.
Gingivectomy: This is a surgical procedure performed by a periodontist to reshape and contour the gumline. It involves removing excess gum tissue to improve oral hygiene, aesthetics, and overall gum health. This procedure is often recommended when non-surgical treatments, such as scaling and root planing, are insufficient in addressing gum disease or cosmetic concerns.

Consulting a Dental Professional

If you notice signs of gingival hyperplasia, it's essential to consult with a dentist or a periodontist. They can accurately diagnose the condition, determine the underlying cause, and recommend appropriate treatment.

If you’re looking for a second opinion or a new dental practice, please give Drs. Nicolas & Asp Centers a call at 04 394 7777. Our multispeciality dental clinics are conveniently located in Jumeirah, The Springs Souk, Marina Walk, and Uptown Mirdif.